CHS SDIR ARC400 Gen Info North Canada 2021 Sailing Directions General Information Northern and Arctic Canada ARC 400 Canadian Hydrographic Service Official Publication This publication contain all the detailed information, such as natural characteristics, geography, climatic variations, and wharves for each region. They are great for planning trips and ensuring mariner safety. Sailing Directions are the indispensable companions to charts. They include information not included on a chart such as descriptions (including photographs) of the best approaches to harbours, harbour facilities, anchorages, local history, rules, regulations, and table of distances. Author: CHS Date: 2025 Format: Comb Bound Booklet Number of Pages: 113 CHAPTER 1 Navigational InformationGeneral _________________________________________________________ 1-1Routes __________________________________________________________ 1-1Hudson Strait ________________________________________________ 1-1Northwest Passage ____________________________________________ 1-1Arctic Ocean_________________________________________________ 1-2Shipping routes_______________________________________________ 1-2Distances____________________________________________________ 1-2Arctic Canada Traffic System (NORDREG) ________________________ 1-2Pilotage_____________________________________________________ 1-7Hazards _________________________________________________________ 1-7Climate induced ______________________________________________ 1-7Magnetics ___________________________________________________ 1-7Refraction ___________________________________________________ 1-8Cables and pipelines___________________________________________ 1-9Oil and gas exploration________________________________________ 1-10Mandatory nautical publications ___________________________________ 1-10International Maritime Organization (IMO) publications _____________ 1-10Canadian Hydrographic Service (CHS) publications_________________ 1-10Canadian Coast Guard (CCG) publications ________________________ 1-11Optional nautical publications _____________________________________ 1-11Use of charts ____________________________________________________ 1-11CHS Charts_________________________________________________ 1-11Corrections to charts__________________________________________ 1-12Reliance on a chart ___________________________________________ 1-12North American Datum 1983 (NAD83) ___________________________ 1-13Chart datum ________________________________________________ 1-13Tides and tidal streams ________________________________________ 1-13Sailing Directions ________________________________________________ 1-14Aids to Navigation _______________________________________________ 1-14Buoys _____________________________________________________ 1-14Buoyage ___________________________________________________ 1-14Fixed aids __________________________________________________ 1-15Radio __________________________________________________________ 1-15Radio medical advice _________________________________________ 1-16Radio distress communications _________________________________ 1-16Ionospheric disturbances ______________________________________ 1-16Communications procedures ___________________________________ 1-17Radio Aids to Navigation__________________________________________ 1-18Radiobeacons _______________________________________________ 1-18Radar______________________________________________________ 1-18NAVSTAR Global Positioning System (GPS) ______________________ 1-19Automatic Identification Systems________________________________ 1-19Canadian Coast Guard ___________________________________________ 1-19Search and Rescue _______________________________________________ 1-20Aircraft signals ______________________________________________ 1-21Cold water survival___________________________________________ 1-22Regulations _____________________________________________________ 1-23IVCHAPTER 2 Geographical InformationGeneral _________________________________________________________ 2-1Northwest Territories______________________________________________ 2-2Yukon___________________________________________________________ 2-4Nunavut_________________________________________________________ 2-4Inuit ____________________________________________________________ 2-6A culture rooted in the land _____________________________________ 2-6The contact period ____________________________________________ 2-7The Inuit economy today _______________________________________ 2-7Plant and Animal Life _____________________________________________ 2-7Vegetation___________________________________________________ 2-7Fish ________________________________________________________ 2-8Marine mammals ____________________________________________ 2-10Small land mammals _________________________________________ 2-11Fur bearers _________________________________________________ 2-12Large mammals _____________________________________________ 2-13Birds ______________________________________________________ 2-13Insects_____________________________________________________ 2-14Reptiles and amphibians_______________________________________ 2-15CHAPTER 3 PhysiographyGeneral _________________________________________________________ 3-1Hudson Bay area _________________________________________________ 3-2Arctic Eastern block ______________________________________________ 3-3Arctic Western block ______________________________________________ 3-6Arctic Northern block ____________________________________________ 3-10Great Slave Lake — Mackenzie River area___________________________ 3-14CHAPTER 4 Natural ConditionsGeneral _________________________________________________________ 4-1Submarine Topography ____________________________________________ 4-1Hudson Bay area ____________________________________________ 4-1Arctic Archipelago___________________________________________ 4-1Beaufort Sea — Pingos _______________________________________ 4-2Athabasca — Mackenzie waterway______________________________ 4-2Tides ___________________________________________________________ 4-3Hudson Bay area ____________________________________________ 4-3Arctic Archipelago___________________________________________ 4-3Tidal streams and currents _________________________________________ 4-3Hudson Strait ________________________________________________ 4-3Hudson Bay _________________________________________________ 4-4Arctic Archipelago ____________________________________________ 4-5Climate of the Canadian Arctic _____________________________________ 4-7Climate controls ______________________________________________ 4-7Seasons _____________________________________________________ 4-9Winds ______________________________________________________ 4-9Air temperature_______________________________________________ 4-9Clouds and precipitation_______________________________________ 4-10Visibility and fog ____________________________________________ 4-11Ice Regime, Hudson Bay area ______________________________________ 4-12Hudson Strait and Ungava Bay _________________________________ 4-12Hudson Bay ________________________________________________ 4-12James Bay__________________________________________________ 4-12Foxe Basin _________________________________________________ 4-12VIce regime, Davis Strait and Baffin Bay ______________________________ 4-12Ice Regime, Arctic Archipelago_____________________________________ 4-13Ice Regime, Western Arctic ________________________________________ 4-13Ice Regime, Athabasca — Mackenzie River system ____________________ 4-14Athabasca and Slave Rivers ____________________________________ 4-14Great Slave Lake ____________________________________________ 4-14Mackenzie River_____________________________________________ 4-14Arctic Survival __________________________________________________ 4-15Survival attitude _____________________________________________ 4-16Afloat _____________________________________________________ 4-16In the boats _________________________________________________ 4-17Ashore or on the ice __________________________________________ 4-18Long term __________________________________________________ 4-19CHAPTER 5 InfrastructureGeneral _________________________________________________________ 5-1Economic development ____________________________________________ 5-2Principal ports and anchorages _____________________________________ 5-3CHAPTER 6 Geographical Index
